1. Heparin is the drug of choice for rapid anticoagulant effect, which can be used for surgical prevention of thrombosis and anticoagulant treatment of pregnant women. For patients with acute myocardial infarction, heparin can be used to prevent venous embolism and prevent arterial embolism in patients with large transmural anterior myocardial infarction.

2. Another important clinical use of heparin is the maintenance of unblocked extracorporeal circulation during cardiac, surgical, and renal dialysis.

3, for the treatment of various causes of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), also used in the treatment of glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, etc.

Heparin is naturally present in mast cells and neutrophils of mammals. In the past few decades, heparin materials used in European and American countries are mainly extracted from bovine lung, bovine intestine or porcine small intestine mucosa. However, due to the spread of "mad cow disease" in recent years, and studies showing that bovine heparin is twice as likely to cause side effects such as thrombocytopenia than porcine heparin, many countries prefer to use porcine heparin.

Standard heparin: The initial clinical application of Heparin is called standard Heparin, ordinary Heparin or Unfractionated Heparin, which is mainly used in clinical anticoagulation and antithrombotic treatment for diffuse intravascular coagulation and antithrombotic blood coagulation caused by various reasons. And anticoagulation treatment in hemodialysis, cardiopulmonary bypass, catheterization, microvascular surgery and other operations. At the same time, clinical applications and studies have shown that standard heparin has a variety of other biological activities and clinical uses, including anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, hypolipidemia, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-media smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation, antiviral, anti-cancer effects.

Low molecular weight heparin: It was first developed in Europe in the late 1980s to reduce the side effects of heparin, which can lead to bleeding, thrombocytopenia and osteoporosis. A large number of clinical studies have confirmed that low molecular weight heparin has the advantages of strong antithrombotic effect and small side effects, and has a wider range of medical uses, which has become the first choice for the treatment of acute venous thrombosis and acute coronary syndrome (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction) and other diseases.

Because of the unique mechanism of anticoagulation and antithrombosis achieved by interfering with several links of coagulation process, the clinical application value of heparin is still being studied and developed. With the continuous increase of research and development, heparin will be developed for new indications, which will become an important development space for heparin products in the future.

Heparin is widely used in the prevention and treatment of thromboembolic diseases, early treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation and in vitro anticoagulation. Clinical application and research show that heparin has a variety of biological activities and clinical uses in addition to anticoagulation.